advent_of_code/elixir/livebook/2024/day6.livemd

# AoC 2024 Day 6

## Section

```elixir
defmodule Grid2D do
  defstruct width: nil, height: nil

  @directions %{
    straight: [
      {1, 0},
      {-1, 0},
      {0, 1},
      {0, -1}
    ],
    diagonal: [
      {1, 1},
      {1, -1},
      {-1, 1},
      {-1, -1}
    ]
  }

  def new(width, height) do
    %Grid2D{width: width, height: height}
  end

  @doc """
  ## Examples
  iex> Grid2D.index_to_coord(Grid2D.new(5,5), 0)
  {0,0}

  iex> Grid2D.index_to_coord(Grid2D.new(5,5), 5)
  {0,1}

  iex> Grid2D.index_to_coord(Grid2D.new(5,5), 6)
  {1,1}

  iex> Grid2D.index_to_coord(Grid2D.new(5,5), 3)
  {3,0}

  iex> Grid2D.index_to_coord(Grid2D.new(5,5), 24)
  {4, 4}
  """
  def index_to_coord(%Grid2D{width: w}, index) do
    {rem(index, w), floor(index / w)}
  end

  @doc """
  ## Examples
  iex> Grid2D.coord_to_index( Grid2D.new(5,5), {0,0})
  0

  iex> Grid2D.coord_to_index( Grid2D.new(5,5), {4,4})
  24

  iex> Grid2D.coord_to_index( Grid2D.new(5,5), {2,2})
  12
  """
  def coord_to_index(%Grid2D{width: w}, {x, y}) do
    y * w + x
  end

  @doc """

  ## Examples
  iex> Grid2D.neighbors({0, 0}, Grid2D.new(5,5)) |> MapSet.new()
  MapSet.new([{0, 1},  {1, 1}, {1,0}])

  iex> Grid2D.neighbors({2, 2}, Grid2D.new(5,5)) |> MapSet.new()
  [{1, 1}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 1}, {2, 3}, {3, 1}, {3, 2}, {3, 3}] |> MapSet.new()

  iex> Grid2D.neighbors({4, 4}, Grid2D.new(5,5)) |> MapSet.new
  [{3, 3}, {3, 4}, {4, 3}] |> MapSet.new
  """
  def neighbors(p, g, allowed_directions \\ :all) do
    directions(allowed_directions)
    |> Stream.map(&add(p, &1))
    |> Stream.filter(&is_in_grid?(&1, g))
  end

  @doc """
  Distance from two points in a grid

  iex> Grid2D.distance(Grid2D.new(5,5), {0,0}, {0,1}, :radial)
  1

  iex> Grid2D.distance(Grid2D.new(5,5), {0,0}, {1,1}, :radial)
  1

  iex> Grid2D.distance(Grid2D.new(5,5), {0,0}, {1,2}, :radial)
  2
  """
  def distance(grid, p1, p2, type)
  def distance(_, {x, y}, {a, b}, :radial), do: max(abs(x - a), abs(y - b))

  @doc """
  Add two points together pairwise

  iex> Grid2D.add({0,0}, {0,1})
  {0,1}

  iex> Grid2D.add({2,3}, {3,2})
  {5,5}
  """
  def add({x, y}, {j, k}), do: {x + j, y + k}

  @doc """
  Test if a point is in a grid

  iex> Grid2D.is_in_grid?({1, 2}, %Grid2D{width: 3, height: 4})
  true

  iex> Grid2D.is_in_grid?({2, 2}, %Grid2D{width: 2, height: 4})
  false
  """
  def is_in_grid?({x, y}, %Grid2D{width: w, height: h}), do: x < w and y < h and x >= 0 and y >= 0

  @spec directions(allowed :: :all | :straight | :diagonal) :: any()
  def directions(allowed \\ :all)
  def directions(:all), do: directions(:straight) ++ directions(:diagonal)
  def directions(:straight), do: @directions |> Map.get(:straight)
  def directions(:diagonal), do: @directions |> Map.get(:diagonal)
end

```

```elixir
input = ""
```

```elixir
height = input |> String.trim() |> String.split("\n") |> Enum.count()
width = input |> String.trim() |> String.split("\n") |> Enum.at(0) |> String.trim() |> String.length()
```

```elixir
grid = Grid2D.new(width, height)
```

```elixir
input = input |> String.trim() |> String.replace("\n", "")
```

```elixir
guard_idx = input |> String.graphemes() |> Enum.find_index(fn c -> c == "^" or c == ">" or c == "<" or c == "v" end)
```

```elixir
start = Grid2D.index_to_coord(grid, guard_idx)
```

```elixir
guard_dir = case String.at(input, guard_idx) do
   "^" -> {0, -1}
  ">" -> {1, 0}
  "<" -> {-1, 0}
  "v" -> {0, 1}
end
```

Removing the below and operating on input as a string below reduces runtime by a few orders of magnitude. Why?

```elixir
input = for {c, i} <- input |> String.graphemes() |> Stream.with_index(), into: %{} do
   {Grid2D.index_to_coord(grid, i), c}
end
```

```elixir
defmodule Guard do
  # the problem states the guard turns "right", but
  # y = -1 is "up" so a ccw rotation is equivalent to a "right" turn
  defp rotate90({a, b}), do: {-b, a}

  def wander(input, grid, location, facing, visited) do
    if Grid2D.is_in_grid?(location, grid) do
        visited = visited |> MapSet.put(location)
        # if input is a string replace with 
        # case String.at(input, location |> Grid2D.add(facing) |> then(&Grid2D.coord_to_index(grid, &1))) do
        case Map.get(input, location |> Grid2D.add(facing)) do
        "#" -> wander(input, grid, location, rotate90(facing), visited)
        _ -> wander(input, grid, Grid2D.add(location, facing), facing, visited)
        end
    else
      visited
    end
  end
  
  def wander_with_block(input, grid, block, location, facing, visited) do
    cond do
      visited |> MapSet.member?({location,facing}) -> :loop
      Grid2D.is_in_grid?(location, grid) ->
        visited = visited |> MapSet.put({location, facing})
        next = Grid2D.add(facing, location)
        # if input is a string as mentioned above, replace the Map.get with
        # String.at(input, next |> then(&Grid2D.coord_to_index(grid, &1)))
        tile = if next == block, do: "#", else: Map.get(input, next)
        case tile do
          "#" -> wander_with_block(input, grid, block, location, rotate90(facing), visited)
          _ -> wander_with_block(input, grid, block, Grid2D.add(location, facing), facing, visited)
        end
      true -> visited
      end
    end
  end
```

```elixir

# takes around .5s with strings
# 10ms with map
path = Guard.wander(input, grid, start, guard_dir, MapSet.new)
```

```elixir
path |> MapSet.size
```

```elixir
# with strings - will run for ~6+ minutes
# with maps - 800ms
:persistent_term.put(Day6, input)
r = for p <- path,
   p != start do

  Task.async(fn -> Guard.wander_with_block(:persistent_term.get(Day6), grid, p, start, guard_dir, MapSet.new) == :loop end )
end |> Task.await_many(:infinity) |> Enum.count(&(&1))

```